安徽农村计划生育奖励扶助政策研究

2004 年, 中央决定在全国部分农村地区实行计划生育奖励扶助试点。安徽省芜湖市被国家确定为试点市, 同年, 定远县也被安徽省确定为试点县。2005 年, 试点工作在全国普遍推广, 惠及安徽省的各个县市。本课题组对部分试点县进行实地调研, 综合其他材料对安徽省部分计划生育家庭奖励扶助的现状、存在问题进行分析, 并提出相应的解决对策。     

微波辅助硫酸水解肉骨粉的工艺条件优化

为充分利用病死动物尸体资源,以病死畜禽经高温发酵法无害化所得肉骨粉为原料,经萃取剂去除油脂后,分别在无微波和有微波辅助下经硫酸水解获得含氨基酸水解液,筛选水解最优条件,并进行最优条件下水解前后物料中大中微量植物营养元素及重金属元素的物料平衡及其在水解产物中的分布分析。结果显示：最佳萃取剂为正己烷,在固液比1∶10,油脂萃取率达100%,萃取剂回收率达97.06%;常规硫酸水解肉骨粉最佳条件为：硫酸浓度5 mol/L、固液比1∶4、温度90 ℃、水解时间7 h,此时水解液中总氮的转化率为93.42%,氨基酸态氮转化率为42.63%;微波辅助硫酸水解肉骨粉的最佳条件为：微波功率 550 W、硫酸浓度5.0 mol/L、水解时间60 min,此时水解液中总氮的转化率为90.12%,氨基酸态氮转化率为82.13%;2种工艺在最佳条件下,各元素在水解液相和固相残渣的分布差异不大,其中N、P、K、Fe、Cu、Zn元素有66%~93%分布在水解液中,Ca、Mg、Mn元素32%以上分布在残渣中,而重金属元素Pb、Cr、Cd超过58%进入水解液,但未超出相关肥料产品农业行业标准限值。结果表明,微波辅助显著提高水解液中氨基酸态氮转化率并缩短水解时间,大、中、微量植物营养元素大部分进入液相,在制作氨基酸水解液方面具有明显的优越性。     

以种子贮藏蛋白多样性辅助筛选苜蓿育种亲本的研究

对田间表现较好的42份苜蓿种质材料(品种)进行了种子贮藏蛋白水平的遗传多样性分析,并以此为辅助依据筛选到特异苜蓿育种材料2份,可在苜蓿综合品种培育研究中作为优选亲本利用,为我国苜蓿种质资源的收集、保存、亲缘关系分析以及苜蓿品种鉴定等提供了重要依据.     

NDIS中间层驱动技术在反溯源网络中的应用

采用NDIS中间层驱动技术构筑反溯源网络,可在一定程度上确保网络及个人信息安全。介绍NDIS的含义及NDIS中间层驱动技术的原理,阐述NDIS中间层驱动程序的设计与实现方式。经效果测试,证实利用NDIS中间层驱动技术对数据包进行传输,能很好地保证网络安全性。     

关于最低生活保障城乡一体化研究——以安徽省为例

目前,我国社会保障制度改革进入一个新的重要时期。围绕如何实现经济社会的全面协调可持续发展,安徽省已经开始在部分地区进行了社会救助管理城乡一体化实践。在取得了一定的积极成果的同时,也发现了漏洞和不足,尤其是城乡低保制度的失衡问题突出。进一步完善社会救助体系,推进城乡低保一体化建设,要结合区域特点,因地制宜,分阶段分步骤,逐步实现。要在探索建立城乡低保一体化架构、完善运行机制、加强过程控制、加强财政保障机制建设、城乡低保队伍建设等方面,进行改进和完善,进行全面系统的顶层设计和思考。     

玉米高速精量播种机正压气流辅助吹送导种装置研究

玉米播种机高速、精量作业时,投种点高,种子因剧烈碰撞,而导致粒距均匀性差,为此基于文丘里原理,设计一种利用正压气流辅助输种的导种装置,确定了导种装置的主要结构和关键参数。分析了气流辅助输种,实现“零速投种”的机理。采用DEM-CFD耦合仿真方法模拟导种装置的工作过程,通过对比分析气流场、种子的出射速度,确定进气室收缩角为70°、进气室收缩段长度为8.2 mm。利用排种器性能测试平台进行速度匹配试验、弹跳试验、作业性能试验和对比试验,结果表明：作业速度为8～16 km/h、粒距为20～25 cm时,合格指数不小于85.7%;粒距变异系数不大于15.8%。与重力式导种管相比,作业速度越高,正压气流辅助导种装置的优良作业性能越突出,作业速度为16 km/h时,粒距合格指数增加13.6个百分点,粒距变异系数减少7.4个百分点,满足高速条件下精量输种的要求,有利于提升高速精量播种机整体作业性能。     

基于模糊控制的人—车闭路系统的操纵稳定性

采用模糊控制理论和方法,研究驾驶员－汽车－环境闭环系统的操作稳定性,建立了驾驶员智能模型,研制出整个闭环系统的仿真软件,对几种典型工况的汽车运行进行了模拟。试验结果证明闭环系统模型合理,仿真结果正确。     

Several Kinds of CommunicationStandards and IC Circuit Interface

The improvement of Data Communication has made the design of line driver,line receiver and other interface circuits complicated.In accordance with some communication protocols,this paper recommends several IC interface chips and their application in overcoming the influence of noise.     

Steps toward sustainable ranching: An emergy evaluation of conventional and holistic management in Chiapas, Mexico

Conventional ranching in Chiapas, Mexico typically includes annual pasture burns and agrochemical use that decrease the biodiversity and forest cover of ranch lands. Members of a holistic ranching “club” in the Frailesca region of Chiapas, Mexico have moved away from this conventional management by eliminating burns and agrochemicals from their systems after decades of use because they believed that the land and their production process were growing unhealthy; they were further motivated by extension courses on holistic ranching. They have also implemented sophisticated systems of rotational grazing and diversified the use of trees. For this study all seven holistic ranchers and 18 neighboring conventional ranchers were interviewed about their cattle ranches and production strategies. An emergy analysis was conducted to compare the resource use, productivity and sustainability of the conventional and holistic ranches. Holistic ranches were found to have double the emergy sustainability index (ESI) values of conventional ranches, and the emergy yield ratio was 25% higher in holistic systems. Government assistance programs were found to have a negative impact on the ESI and were variably administered among holistic ranchers during the year of emergy evaluation. Overall improved emergy sustainability did not decrease milk nor cattle productivity. Transformities and specific emergies, the emergy of one type required to make a unit of energy (transformity) or mass (specific emergy) of another type, did not differ between conventional and holistic systems. Transformities for milk production ranged between 3.4E5 and 1.2E7 solar emjoules/joule (sej/J). Specific emergy for cattle production ranged from 3.5E10 to 1.5E11 sej/g. To improve the ESI assistance programs could be re-targeted toward incentive programs for increased forest cover in ranching systems and startup costs for holistic ranching. The results from this study show that productivity can be maintained as the sustainability of rural dairy ranches is increased. These results also show that local knowledge and understanding of the surrounding ecosystem can drive positive environmental change in production systems.     

民间组织参与农村社会救助的经济法解读

从经济法视角对民间组织参与农村社会救助进行了解读，确定了民间组织经济法主体地位和社会救助法的经济法体系范畴归属，进而阐述了经济法调控民间组织参与农村社会救助的重要意义。